State – Engine Icon https://engineicon.com Latest car news and advice blog Tue, 14 Jul 2026 02:07:43 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1 https://engineicon.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/cropped-ME_favicon-1-32x32.png State – Engine Icon https://engineicon.com 32 32 Car Lemon Laws: What To Know by State https://engineicon.com/car-lemon-laws-what-to-know-by-state/ Tue, 16 Jun 2026 16:45:21 +0000 https://engineicon.com/car-lemon-laws-what-to-know-by-state/ Alabama The lemon law in Alabama applies to new vehicles, but not motorhomes or vehicles over 10,000 pounds. If your car encounters a problem that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within the first year or 12,000 miles, it’s possible you may be eligible to get a refund or replacement. Repairs must take place within 24 months of delivery of the vehicle or 24,000 miles. Alaska Alaska’s lemon law applies to new vehicles. If your car encounters a problem that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within the first year of ownership, you may be entitled to a refund or replacement. Arizona The Arizona lemon law for used vehicles says, “If a major component of your car breaks before the earlier of 15 days or 500 miles after you buy the car,” you will be covered. You’ll be responsible for up to $25 for the first two repairs, but you may be able to recover the purchase amount for the car. Arkansas If your new vehicle has a problem in Arkansas that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe, the manufacturer must repair it within 24 months of delivery or 24,000 miles.
If the manufacturer can’t or won’t fix the problem, the consumer has several options. These include replacing it with another acceptable car or getting the original car back and receiving a refunded for everything plus taxes, title, and extended warranty, if applicable. California California’s lemon law applies primarily to new vehicles, leased vehicles, and certain used vehicles covered by a manufacturer’s warranty under the state’s Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act.
A vehicle may qualify as a lemon if a substantial defect affecting the vehicle’s use, value, or safety cannot be repaired after a reasonable number of attempts while under warranty. Colorado The lemon law in Colorado applies to new and leased vehicles and lasts one year from the original delivery date or within a year of the warranty’s start date, whichever comes first. Colorado law excludes motor homes and motorcycles. Connecticut In Connecticut, if your new or leased car has a problem that makes it unsafe, hard to use, or decreases its value, the car company will provide a replacement or refund the full contract price within 2 years of delivery or 24,000 miles, whichever comes first. The law applies to new and leased passenger and combination vehicles and motorcycles. Delaware The lemon law in Delaware applies to new and leased vehicles, but not motor homes. It lasts for one year after delivery to the consumer, whichever comes first. If the car needs to be replaced, the Delaware consumer has two options. Options include replacement with a comparable and acceptable new automobile or repurchase and refund of the full purchase price, including credits and allowances for any trade-in vehicle. District of Columbia The lemon law in the District of Columbia applies to new and leased vehicles, but not used cars. It covers vehicle problems that arise within 18,000 miles or 2 years, whichever comes first after the date of delivery and that substantially impair its use, value, or safety. Florida The lemon law in Florida applies to new and leased vehicles. You may qualify for a refund or replacement vehicle if your car has a problem within 2 years that substantially impairs its use or compromises safety and the dealer can’t repair the defect after a reasonable number of attempts. Georgia The lemon law in Georgia applies to new and leased vehicles. It covers your car if there’s a problem that makes it hard to use within 2 years or 24,000 miles and impacts its usability, value, or safety. If the dealer remains unable to repair the issue after a reasonable number of attempts, you may request a refund or replacement. Hawaii The lemon law in Hawaii applies to new and leased vehicles. You could get a refund or a replacement if your car experiences an issue that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within the first 2 years or 24,000 miles and the dealer can’t resolve the problem after multiple repair attempts. Idaho The lemon law in Idaho applies to new and leased cars, trucks, or vans experiencing issues within 2 years or 24,000 miles. If your car becomes ineffective, significantly decreases in value, or has a persistent issue that makes it unsafe, the dealer must repair the defect after a reasonable number of attempts. Illinois The lemon law in Illinois applies to new and leased vehicles, except any that are modified. If your car has an issue that compromises your safety or makes it difficult to use within one year or 12,000 miles, the dealer must repair the defect. If the dealer is unable to resolve the problem, you may pursue a replacement or refund. Indiana The lemon law in Indiana applies to new and leased vehicles. The statute covers your car for 18 months or 18,000 miles. Iowa Iowa’s lemon law applies to new and leased vehicles within 2 years or 24,000 miles after purchase and to vehicles that weigh less than 15,000 pounds. To open a dispute, the consumer must file a complaint through Iowa’s certified informal dispute resolution process. Kansas The lemon law in Kansas applies to new and leased vehicles. You must inform the manufacturer of the need for repair within a year. If a vehicle needs repairs multiple times and the defect continues to exist, the manufacturer must either repair it or buy it back. Kentucky The lemon law in Kentucky applies to new and leased vehicles under 12,000 pounds. If your car has a problem that occurs four or more times in the first 12 months or 12,000 miles, the manufacturer must attempt to fix it multiple times.
If the dealer does not correct the issue, the dealer must replace or repurchase the vehicle. Louisiana The lemon law in Louisiana applies to new and leased vehicles. The dealer must repair the defect in a reasonable number of attempts or within one year after purchase, whichever comes earlier.
If the vehicle cannot be repaired and remains out of service for at least 45 days, the dealer must offer a comparable replacement. You could also request a refund for the full purchase price. Maine The lemon law in Maine applies to new and leased vehicles. It covers serious defects within 3 years or 18,000 miles, whichever happens first.
If a car gets designated as a lemon, you can argue your case before an arbitrator for free. Maryland The lemon law in Maryland applies to new and leased vehicles within 2 years or 18,000 miles.
If your car has a problem that significantly impairs operation or causes it to be unusable for at least 30 days, you may pursue a replacement vehicle or a full refund. Massachusetts The lemon law in Massachusetts applies to new and leased cars. It also applies to used vehicles with fewer than 125,000 miles on the odometer on the date of purchase. You are entitled to a refund or replacement if there’s a substantial defect that inhibits your ability to drive the vehicle or negatively impacts your safety. Michigan The lemon law in Michigan covers new and leased vehicles. This applies if your car has a condition that impairs its use within a year of delivery or during the term of the manufacturer’s warranty, whichever happens first. Minnesota The lemon law in Minnesota applies to new, leased, and lightly used vehicles. The issue must be reported within 2 years or before the warranty period ends, whichever comes first.
If the manufacturer or dealer is unable to repair the defect within a reasonable number of attempts, the consumer may seek a replacement vehicle or a refund of the car’s purchase price, less a deduction for use of the vehicle. Mississippi The lemon law in Mississippi applies to new and leased vehicles within a year of delivery or the duration of the manufacturer warranty, whichever comes first. If your car experiences a problem that makes it difficult to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe, repairs must be completed within the first year of delivery or before the manufacturer’s warranty expires. Missouri The lemon law in Missouri applies to new and leased vehicles. This covers your car for one year or through the term of the manufacturer’s warranty, whichever comes first.
If the car cannot be repaired in four attempts, if it’s out of service for at least 30 days, or if it has a problem that hinders use, the consumer must open a dispute through the manufacturer’s resolution program. Montana The lemon law in Montana applies to new and leased vehicles. This covers your car if it has a problem that makes it hard to use, negatively affects its value, or poses a safety concern within 2 years or 18,000 miles of delivery. Nebraska The lemon law in Nebraska applies to new and leased vehicles. A vehicle can be declared a lemon if it needs a repair four or more times within a year of delivery, or if the car is deemed unusable for a cumulative total of at least 40 days. Nevada The lemon law in Nevada applies to new and used vehicles, but not leased vehicles. Persistent issues that occur before the expiration of any manufacturer’s warranties or one year after delivery are eligible for a refund or replacement. New Hampshire The lemon law in New Hampshire applies to new and leased vehicles still under warranty. If your car is declared defective after at least three repair attempts or is out of service for at least 30 days, you have a right to arbitration. New Jersey The New Jersey lemon law applies to new and leased vehicles during the first 2 years or 24,000 miles.
The law may also apply to used cars in the same time frame if the vehicle is a maximum of 7 years old (in model years) with less than 100,000 miles on the odometer, and cost at least $3,000. New Mexico The lemon law in New Mexico applies to new vehicles or vehicles transferred to a used buyer while still under warranty. It does not cover leased vehicles. It covers your car if a persistent issue impairs use or substantially lowers the market value within one year after delivery or during the manufacturer warranty term, whichever comes first. New York The New York lemon law applies to new and leased vehicles or those transferred within 18,000 miles or 2 years of delivery. For used cars, a written warranty is required at the time of purchase. Consumers are entitled to reimbursement for the cost of repairing a covered failure. North Carolina The lemon law in North Carolina covers new and leased vehicles within 2 years or 24,000 miles. Consumers must notify the manufacturer in writing if there is a defect, and the problem must be resolved within a reasonable period. North Dakota The lemon law in North Dakota applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car has a problem that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within 12,000 miles or one year of delivery and the dealer is unable to repair the defect after a reasonable number of attempts, you may petition for a refund or replacement. Ohio The lemon law in Ohio applies to new and leased vehicles within one year or 18,000 miles of delivery. If you have problems during this protection period, the manufacturer must have a “reasonable opportunity” to perform the repair. Consumers are eligible for a refund or replacement if the issue cannot be fixed. Oklahoma The lemon law in Oklahoma applies to new and leased vehicles within 12,000 miles or one year of delivery. Before the lemon law applies, the consumer must pursue a resolution directly with the manufacturer. Oregon The lemon law in Oregon applies to new and leased vehicles. Coverage extends for 2 years or 24,000 miles after delivery. Pennsylvania The lemon law in Pennsylvania applies to new and leased vehicles within one year or 12,000 miles. Manufacturers are allowed three repair attempts to resolve the problem. You may petition for a refund if your car is out of service for a cumulative total of 30 days with a persistent issue. Rhode Island The lemon law in Rhode Island applies to new and leased vehicles within one year or 15,000 miles. Consumers must file a formal complaint with the Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board to dispute an issue with the manufacturer. South Carolina The lemon law in South Carolina applies to new and leased vehicles under manufacturer warranty within one year or 12,000 miles. The manufacturer must offer a refund or replacement if it is unable to resolve the problem after a reasonable number of attempts. South Dakota The lemon law in South Dakota applies to new and leased vehicles. The state’s law protects consumers if their vehicle encounters a single problem or a series of problems that arise within one year or 12,000 miles of delivery. The manufacturer has four attempts or 30 cumulative calendar days to repair the issue. Tennessee The lemon law in Tennessee applies to new and leased vehicles and any other person entitled to the warranty. If your car has a problem that substantially impairs its use within one year, the manufacturer must offer a refund or replacement. Texas The lemon law in Texas applies to new and leased vehicles within 2 years or 24,000 miles. It may cover a used vehicle if it’s still eligible under warranty. If you have persistent issues getting your new car to run as expected, the law states that you may be are entitled to a repair, replacement, or refund. Utah Utah’s law covering lemons applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car has a substantial defect within 2 years, the manufacturer must complete the repair within a reasonable number of attempts. Vermont The lemon law in Vermont applies to new and leased vehicles. For new vehicles, a formal demand for arbitration must be filed within one year after the manufacturer warranty expires by time or mileage. For leased vehicles, drivers may elect replacement vehicles or obtain a lease refund if possible.
Vermont’s lemon law applies to used vehicles if the first repair occurred within the manufacturer’s warranty and if it meets other eligibility requirements. Virginia The lemon law in Virginia applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car experiences a persistent problem that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within the manufacturer’s warranty period or 18 months of delivery, the manufacturer must offer a refund or replacement. Washington The lemon law in Washington applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car experiences a serious defect or a problem that makes it unreliable or unsafe within 2 years or 24,000 miles of delivery, you may send a written request asking for a replacement vehicle. West Virginia The lemon law in West Virginia applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car experiences a defect that makes it hard to use, decreases its value, or makes it unsafe within the term of express manufacturer’s warranties or one year of delivery, the manufacturer has a duty to repair it. The manufacturer must replace the vehicle if the issue is not fixed after a reasonable number of repair attempts. Wisconsin The lemon law in Wisconsin applies to new and leased vehicles. If your car experiences issues that make it hard to use, decrease its value, or make it unsafe within the term of the warranty or one year of delivery, you may request a replacement vehicle. You may also be aable to recover applicable collateral costs ask for a full refund. Wyoming Wyoming’s statute protecting consumers applies to new and leased vehicles under warranty. If your car spent 30 days in the repair shop within one year, or if you attempted three unsuccessful repairs, the manufacturer must replace the vehicle or offer a refund.

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]]> State puts out call for heavy EV charging hubs as part of fuel security plan https://engineicon.com/state-puts-out-call-for-heavy-ev-charging-hubs-as-part-of-fuel-security-plan/ Wed, 03 Jun 2026 08:16:26 +0000 https://engineicon.com/state-puts-out-call-for-heavy-ev-charging-hubs-as-part-of-fuel-security-plan/

The New South Wales state government is seeking proposals for projects valued at $100 million or more that will address fuel security issues, including for renewable fuels and heavy electric vehicle charging hubs.

The state’s Investment Delivery Authority (IDA) is calling for expressions of interest (EoI) for support for projects that will boost supply, reduce the reliance on imports, and to encourage the development of new technologies.

The IDA round is focused on projects valued at $100 million or more that can directly improve fuel security, and includes a relatively wide definition that encompasses a range of technologies.

Heavy electric vehicle (EV) fleets and charging hubs are on the agenda, with a view to eventually reducing the state’s reliance on diesel.

Such projects would exclude all electric passenger vehicle fleets but include a wide array of commercial and fleet vehicles including rigid trucks, articulated trucks, and other freight or service vehicles.

The IDA is also willing to canvass projects that promote renewable fuels and their feedstocks – including aviation fuel, renewable diesel, biodiesel, biomethane, and green ammonia.

“We’re inviting industry to bring forward the next generation of fuel security projects,” said Daniel Mookhey, NSW state treasurer.

“This isn’t only an energy issue, it’s a cost-of-living issue for families and businesses across NSW. This is about partnering with investors to strengthen supply, support jobs and reduce our exposure to global fuel disruptions.

“By opening both an EOI and Market Sounding process, we are making sure we capture projects that are ready to proceed, as well as those that can shape future investment.”

Expressions of Interest will remain open till 11:59am Monday 22 June 2026 and projects can be submitted with the IDA here.

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]]> Electric Car Rebates and Incentives: What to Know by State https://engineicon.com/electric-car-rebates-and-incentives-what-to-know-by-state/ Sun, 10 May 2026 03:07:58 +0000 https://engineicon.com/electric-car-rebates-and-incentives-what-to-know-by-state/ California offers many state, regional, utility, and local incentives for electric, hydrogen, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. This list changes regularly, and many programs are limited by funding, income eligibility, location, or vehicle type. Because the federal clean vehicle tax credits are not available for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025, buyers should verify current state and local program availability before purchasing or leasing.

Clean Vehicle Rebate Project

The Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) is closed to new applications. CVRP closed effective November 8, 2023. The program previously provided rebates for eligible new and leased plug-in hybrid, battery-electric, and fuel-cell vehicles.

Clean Cars 4 All

Clean Cars 4 All (CC4A) provides incentives to help lower-income consumers in priority populations replace older, higher-polluting vehicles with cleaner transportation. Eligible participants may be able to purchase or lease a new or used plug-in hybrid, battery-electric, fuel-cell vehicle, or zero-emission motorcycle, or choose other clean mobility options, depending on the regional program. Incentive amounts and application status vary by air district and funding availability.

California Air Resources Board

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) supports several clean-transportation incentive programs, but buyers should verify the specific program before purchase because application status, funding, income limits, and eligible vehicles vary. CARB-backed programs include Clean Cars 4 All and other income-qualified clean-vehicle assistance programs, rather than a single general CARB EV rebate available to all buyers.
The following local programs are also available:

Alameda Municipal Power

Alameda Municipal Power (AMP) offers a rebate for purchasing a used EV priced below $40,000. The base incentive is $1,500, and qualified lower-income buyers may receive up to $6,000 in rebates. AMP also provides a $500 rebate to residential customers who purchase a Level 2 charging station and offers a time-of-use rate to customers who own or lease an EV.

Bay Area Air Quality Management District

The Bay Area Air Quality Management District runs a Clean Cars for All program for low-income residents. You may be able to redeem up to $10,000 when you retire a registered vehicle model year 2007 and older and replace it with a hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or battery-electric car. Applicants can also receive an additional bonus, up to $2,000, for installing a Level 2 home charging station or opt for a complimentary Level 2 portable charger (valued at up to $600).

Community Housing Development Corp

The Community Housing Development Corp. (CHDC) partnered with the California Air Resources Board to offer advanced technology vehicle financing incentives. It provides low-interest loans and up to $7,500 toward purchasing a new or used electric vehicle.

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) customers can obtain a Charge Up LA! An incentive providing up to $1,500 when purchasing a qualifying pre-owned electric or hybrid vehicle. Low-income customers may qualify for a $4,000 rebate. Customers can also receive a rebate of up to $1,000 to purchase and install qualifying Level 2 EV charging stations. Low-income customers are eligible for an additional $500 rebate.

Marin Clean Energy

Marin Clean Energy provides qualifying low-income customers with a $3,500 instant rebate for purchasing or leasing a new EV or plug-in hybrid or $2,000 to lower the price of used EVs.

Pacific Gas and Electric

Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) gives residents a $500 rebate for installing a Level 2 charging station through their Empower EV program. Customers may also qualify for an additional $2,000 to help cover the costs of upgrading their electrical panel.
After purchasing a pre-owned electric vehicle, PG&E also gives residential customers with qualifying incomes up to $4,000 in rebates through its Drive Forward Electric program.

Pasadena Water and Power

The Pasadena Water and Power (PWP) electric vehicle incentive provides a rebate of up to $250 when purchasing a used EV or PHEV. An additional $250 is available when the purchase is from a Pasadena auto dealer. Lower-income residents may be eligible for an additional $1,000.

Riverside Public Utilities

The Riverside Public Utilities (RPU) gives a rebate of up to $1,000 when you purchase or lease a qualifying used battery electric or plug-in hybrid from a dealer after Jan. 1, 2023. Customers enrolled in RPU’s SHARE program can get an increased rebate of up to $2,500. Additionally, customers who install a Level 2 charger at home can qualify for a $500 plus a rate meter rebate of up to $805.

Sacramento Municipal Utility District

The Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) provides a time-of-use rate when you charge your EV between midnight and 6 a.m. SMUD offers customers a rebate of up to $750 for EV charging equipment and installation costs.

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District

The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District’s (APCD) Drive Clean in the San Joaquin Rebate Program is closed because program funding has been exhausted. The district’s vehicle replacement program has also stopped accepting applications until additional funding becomes available. Residents should check the district’s Drive Clean program pages before purchasing or leasing, because funding and application windows may change.

Silicon Valley Power

Silicon Valley Power (SVP) gives a rebate of up to $3,500 for purchasing a PHEV or EV to residents who qualify based on their income. EVs are eligible for $1,500, and PHEVs are eligible for $1,000. Income-eligible customers receive a $1,000 bonus rebate. Vehicles with an MPGe of 117 or greater may receive a bonus rebate of $1,000. SVP also gives residential customers a $550 rebate for installing a Level 2 EV charging station with Wi-Fi capabilities. You may also be eligible to receive a $1,000 rebate to help cover the cost of upgrading your electrical panel to accommodate the Level 2 charger.

Southern California Edison

Southern California Edison’s pre-owned EV rebate of up to $4,000 applies to customers who purchase or lease a used EV from the list of eligible vehicles.

Turlock Irrigation District

Turlock Irrigation District offers an electric vehicle rebate of $500 for customers who purchase a qualifying new or used zero-emission, battery-electric vehicle. If enrolled in the CARES program, you can receive an additional $700 per vehicle, with a maximum of two electric vehicles per residential account.

California allows EV drivers to use the HOV carpool lane regardless of the number of occupants in the vehicle. You must apply for a “Clean Air Vehicle” sticker from the Department of Motor Vehicles.

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